Friday, March 02, 2018
Kubernetes: First Beta Version of Kubernetes 1.10 is Here
Editor’s note: Today’s post is by Nick Chase. Nick is Head of Content at Mirantis. The Kubernetes community has released the first beta version of Kubernetes 1.10, which means you can now try out some of the new features and give your feedback to the release team ahead of the official release. The release, currently scheduled for March 21, 2018, is targeting the inclusion of more than a dozen brand new alpha features and more mature versions of more than two dozen more.
Specifically, Kubernetes 1.10 will include production-ready versions of Kubelet TLS Bootstrapping, API aggregation, and more detailed storage metrics.
Some of these features will look familiar because they emerged at earlier stages in previous releases. Each stage has specific meanings:
- stable: The same as “generally available”, features in this stage have been thoroughly tested and can be used in production environments.
- beta: The feature has been around long enough that the team is confident that the feature itself is on track to be included as a stable feature, and any API calls aren’t going to change. You can use and test these features, but including them in mission-critical production environments is not advised because they are not completely hardened.
- alpha: New features generally come in at this stage. These features are still being explored. APIs and options may change in future versions, or the feature itself may disappear. Definitely not for production environments. You can download the latest release of Kubernetes 1.10 from . To give feedback to the development community, create an issue in the Kubernetes 1.10 milestone and tag the appropriate SIG before March 9.
Here’s what to look for, though you should remember that while this is the current plan as of this writing, there’s always a possibility that one or more features may be held for a future release. We’ll start with authentication.
Authentication (SIG-Auth)
- Kubelet TLS Bootstrap (stable): Kubelet TLS bootstrapping is probably the “headliner” of the Kubernetes 1.10 release as it becomes available for production environments. It provides the ability for a new kubelet to create a certificate signing request, which enables you to add new nodes to your cluster without having to either manually add security certificates or use self-signed certificates that eliminate many of the benefits of having certificates in the first place.
- Pod Security Policy moves to its own API group (beta): The beta release of the Pod Security Policy lets administrators decide what contexts pods can run in. In other words, you have the ability to prevent unprivileged users from creating privileged pods – that is, pods that can perform actions such as writing files or accessing Secrets – in particular namespaces.
- Limit node access to API (beta): Also in beta, you now have the ability to limit calls to the API on a node to just that specific node, and to ensure that a node is only calling its own API, and not those on other nodes.
- External client-go credential providers (alpha): client-go is the Go language client for accessing the Kubernetes API. This feature adds the ability to add external credential providers. For example, Amazon might want to create its own authenticator to validate interaction with EKS clusters; this feature enables them to do that without having to include their authenticator in the Kubernetes codebase.
- TokenRequest API (alpha): The TokenRequest API provides the groundwork for much needed improvements to service account tokens; this feature enables creation of tokens that aren’t persisted in the Secrets API, that are targeted for specific audiences (such as external secret stores), have configurable expiries, and are bindable to specific pods.
Networking (SIG-Network)
- Support configurable pod resolv.conf (beta): You now have the ability to specifically control DNS for a single pod, rather than relying on the overall cluster DNS.
- Although the feature is called Switch default DNS plugin to CoreDNS (beta), that’s not actually what will happen in this cycle. The community has been working on the switch from kube-dns, which includes dnsmasq, to CoreDNS, another CNCF project with fewer moving parts, for several releases. In Kubernetes 1.10, the default will still be kube-dns, but when CoreDNS reaches feature parity with kube-dns, the team will look at making it the default.
- Topology aware routing of services (alpha): The ability to distribute workloads is one of the advantages of Kubernetes, but one thing that has been missing until now is the ability to keep workloads and services geographically close together for latency purposes. Topology aware routing will help with this problem. (This functionality may be delayed until Kubernetes 1.11.)
- Make NodePort IP address configurable (alpha): Not having to specify IP addresses in a Kubernetes cluster is great – until you actually need to know what one of those addresses is ahead of time, such as for setting up database replication or other tasks. You will now have the ability to specifically configure NodePort IP addresses to solve this problem. (This functionality may be delayed until Kubernetes 1.11.)
Kubernetes APIs (SIG-API-machinery)
- API Aggregation (stable): Kubernetes makes it possible to extend its API by creating your own functionality and registering your functions so that they can be served alongside the core K8s functionality. This capability will be upgraded to “stable” in Kubernetes 1.10, so you can use it in production. Additionally, SIG-CLI is adding a feature called kubectl get and describe should work well with extensions (alpha) to make the server, rather than the client, return this information for a smoother user experience.
- Support for self-hosting authorizer webhook (alpha): Earlier versions of Kubernetes brought us the authorizer webhooks, which make it possible to customize the enforcement of permissions before commands are executed. Those webhooks, however, have to live somewhere, and this new feature makes it possible to host them in the cluster itself.
Storage (SIG-Storage)
- Detailed storage metrics of internal state (stable): With a distributed system such as Kubernetes, it’s particularly important to know what’s going on inside the system at any given time, either for troubleshooting purposes or simply for automation. This release brings to general availability detailed metrics of what’s going in inside the storage systems, including metrics such as mount and unmount time, number of volumes in a particular state, and number of orphaned pod directories. You can find a full list in this design document.
- Mount namespace propagation (beta): This feature allows a container to mount a volume as rslave so that host mounts can be seen inside the container, or as rshared so that any mounts from inside the container are reflected in the host’s mount namespace. The default for this feature is rslave.
- Local Ephemeral Storage Capacity Isolation (beta): Without this feature in place, every pod on a node that is using ephemeral storage is pulling from the same pool, and allocating storage is on a “best-effort” basis; in other words, a pod never knows for sure how much space it has available. This function provides the ability for a pod to reserve its own storage.
- Out-of-tree CSI Volume Plugins (beta): Kubernetes 1.9 announced the release of the Container Storage Interface, which provides a standard way for vendors to provide storage to Kubernetes. This function makes it possible for them to create drivers that live “out-of-tree”, or out of the normal Kubernetes core. This means that vendors can control their own plugins and don’t have to rely on the community for code reviews and approvals.
- Local Persistent Storage (beta): This feature enables PersistentVolumes to be created with locally attached disks, and not just network volumes.
- Prevent deletion of Persistent Volume Claims that are used by a pod (beta) and 7. Prevent deletion of Persistent Volume that is bound to a Persistent Volume Claim (beta): In previous versions of Kubernetes it was possible to delete storage that is in use by a pod, causing massive problems for the pod. These features provide validation that prevents that from happening.
- Running out of storage space on your Persistent Volume? If you are, you can use Add support for online resizing of PVs (alpha) to enlarge the underlying volume it without disrupting existing data. This also works in conjunction with the new Add resize support for FlexVolume (alpha); FlexVolumes are vendor-supported volumes implemented through FlexVolume plugins.
- Topology Aware Volume Scheduling (beta): This feature enables you to specify topology constraints on PersistentVolumes and have those constraints evaluated by the scheduler. It also delays the initial PersistentVolumeClaim binding until the Pod has been scheduled so that the volume binding decision is smarter and considers all Pod scheduling constraints as well. At the moment, this feature is most useful for local persistent volumes, but support for dynamic provisioning is under development.
Node management (SIG-Node)
- Dynamic Kubelet Configuration (beta): Kubernetes makes it easy to make changes to existing clusters, such as increasing the number of replicas or making a service available over the network. This feature makes it possible to change Kubernetes itself (or rather, the Kubelet that runs Kubernetes behind the scenes) without bringing down the node on which Kubelet is running.
- CRI validation test suite (beta): The Container Runtime Interface (CRI) makes it possible to run containers other than Docker (such as Rkt containers or even virtual machines using Virtlet) on Kubernetes. This features provides a suite of validation tests to make certain that these CRI implementations are compliant, enabling developers to more easily find problems.
- Configurable Pod Process Namespace Sharing (alpha): Although pods can easily share the Kubernetes namespace, the process, or PID namespace has been a more difficult issue due to lack of support in Docker. This feature enables you to set a parameter on the pod to determine whether containers get their own operating system processes or share a single process.
- Add support for Windows Container Configuration in CRI (alpha): The Container Runtime Interface was originally designed with Linux-based containers in mind, and it was impossible to implement support for Windows-based containers using CRI. This feature solves that problem, making it possible to specify a WindowsContainerConfig.
- Debug Containers (alpha): It’s easy to debug a container if you have the appropriate utilities. But what if you don’t? This feature makes it possible to run debugging tools on a container even if those tools weren’t included in the original container image.
Other changes:
- Deployment (SIG-Cluster Lifecycle): Support out-of-process and out-of-tree cloud providers (beta): As Kubernetes gains acceptance, more and more cloud providers will want to make it available. To do that more easily, the community is working on extracting provider-specific binaries so that they can be more easily replaced.
- Kubernetes on Azure (SIG-Azure): Kubernetes has a cluster-autoscaler that automatically adds nodes to your cluster if you’re running too many workloads, but until now it wasn’t available on Azure. The Add Azure support to cluster-autoscaler (alpha) feature aims to fix that. Closely related, the Add support for Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets (alpha) feature makes use of Azure’s own autoscaling capabilities to make resources available.
You can download the Kubernetes 1.10 beta from . Again, if you’ve got feedback (and the community hopes you do) please add an issue to the 1.10 milestone and tag the relevant SIG before March 9.
_
(Many thanks to community members Michelle Au, Jan Šafránek, Eric Chiang, Michał Nasiadka, Radosław Pieczonka, Xing Yang, Daniel Smith, sylvain boily, Leo Sunmo, Michal Masłowski, Fernando Ripoll, ayodele abejide, Brett Kochendorfer, Andrew Randall, Casey Davenport, Duffie Cooley, Bryan Venteicher, Mark Ayers, Christopher Luciano, and Sandor Szuecs for their invaluable help in reviewing this article for accuracy.)_
- Introducing kustomize; Template-free Configuration Customization for Kubernetes May 29
- Getting to Know Kubevirt May 22
- Gardener - The Kubernetes Botanist May 17
- Docs are Migrating from Jekyll to Hugo May 5
- Announcing Kubeflow 0.1 May 4
- Current State of Policy in Kubernetes May 2
- Developing on Kubernetes May 1
- Zero-downtime Deployment in Kubernetes with Jenkins Apr 30
- Kubernetes Community - Top of the Open Source Charts in 2017 Apr 25
- Local Persistent Volumes for Kubernetes Goes Beta Apr 13
- Container Storage Interface (CSI) for Kubernetes Goes Beta Apr 10
- Fixing the Subpath Volume Vulnerability in Kubernetes Apr 4
- Principles of Container-based Application Design Mar 15
- Expanding User Support with Office Hours Mar 14
- How to Integrate RollingUpdate Strategy for TPR in Kubernetes Mar 13
- Apache Spark 2.3 with Native Kubernetes Support Mar 6
- Kubernetes: First Beta Version of Kubernetes 1.10 is Here Mar 2
- Reporting Errors from Control Plane to Applications Using Kubernetes Events Jan 25
- Core Workloads API GA Jan 15
- Introducing client-go version 6 Jan 12
- Extensible Admission is Beta Jan 11
- Introducing Container Storage Interface (CSI) Alpha for Kubernetes Jan 10
- Kubernetes v1.9 releases beta support for Windows Server Containers Jan 9
- Five Days of Kubernetes 1.9 Jan 8
- Introducing Kubeflow - A Composable, Portable, Scalable ML Stack Built for Kubernetes Dec 21
- Kubernetes 1.9: Apps Workloads GA and Expanded Ecosystem Dec 15
- Using eBPF in Kubernetes Dec 7
- PaddlePaddle Fluid: Elastic Deep Learning on Kubernetes Dec 6
- Autoscaling in Kubernetes Nov 17
- Certified Kubernetes Conformance Program: Launch Celebration Round Up Nov 16
- Kubernetes is Still Hard (for Developers) Nov 15
- Securing Software Supply Chain with Grafeas Nov 3
- Containerd Brings More Container Runtime Options for Kubernetes Nov 2
- Kubernetes the Easy Way Nov 1
- Enforcing Network Policies in Kubernetes Oct 30
- Using RBAC, Generally Available in Kubernetes v1.8 Oct 28
- It Takes a Village to Raise a Kubernetes Oct 26
- kubeadm v1.8 Released: Introducing Easy Upgrades for Kubernetes Clusters Oct 25
- Five Days of Kubernetes 1.8 Oct 24
- Introducing Software Certification for Kubernetes Oct 19
- Request Routing and Policy Management with the Istio Service Mesh Oct 10
- Kubernetes Community Steering Committee Election Results Oct 5
- Kubernetes 1.8: Security, Workloads and Feature Depth Sep 29
- Kubernetes StatefulSets & DaemonSets Updates Sep 27
- Introducing the Resource Management Working Group Sep 21
- Windows Networking at Parity with Linux for Kubernetes Sep 8
- Kubernetes Meets High-Performance Computing Aug 22
- High Performance Networking with EC2 Virtual Private Clouds Aug 11
- Kompose Helps Developers Move Docker Compose Files to Kubernetes Aug 10
- Happy Second Birthday: A Kubernetes Retrospective Jul 28
- How Watson Health Cloud Deploys Applications with Kubernetes Jul 14
- Kubernetes 1.7: Security Hardening, Stateful Application Updates and Extensibility Jun 30
- Draft: Kubernetes container development made easy May 31
- Managing microservices with the Istio service mesh May 31
- Kubespray Ansible Playbooks foster Collaborative Kubernetes Ops May 19
- Kubernetes: a monitoring guide May 19
- Dancing at the Lip of a Volcano: The Kubernetes Security Process - Explained May 18
- How Bitmovin is Doing Multi-Stage Canary Deployments with Kubernetes in the Cloud and On-Prem Apr 21
- RBAC Support in Kubernetes Apr 6
- Configuring Private DNS Zones and Upstream Nameservers in Kubernetes Apr 4
- Advanced Scheduling in Kubernetes Mar 31
- Scalability updates in Kubernetes 1.6: 5,000 node and 150,000 pod clusters Mar 30
- Five Days of Kubernetes 1.6 Mar 29
- Dynamic Provisioning and Storage Classes in Kubernetes Mar 29
- Kubernetes 1.6: Multi-user, Multi-workloads at Scale Mar 28
- The K8sPort: Engaging Kubernetes Community One Activity at a Time Mar 24
- Deploying PostgreSQL Clusters using StatefulSets Feb 24
- Containers as a Service, the foundation for next generation PaaS Feb 21
- Inside JD.com's Shift to Kubernetes from OpenStack Feb 10
- Run Deep Learning with PaddlePaddle on Kubernetes Feb 8
- Highly Available Kubernetes Clusters Feb 2
- Running MongoDB on Kubernetes with StatefulSets Jan 30
- Fission: Serverless Functions as a Service for Kubernetes Jan 30
- How we run Kubernetes in Kubernetes aka Kubeception Jan 20
- Scaling Kubernetes deployments with Policy-Based Networking Jan 19
- A Stronger Foundation for Creating and Managing Kubernetes Clusters Jan 12
- Kubernetes UX Survey Infographic Jan 9
- Kubernetes supports OpenAPI Dec 23
- Cluster Federation in Kubernetes 1.5 Dec 22
- Windows Server Support Comes to Kubernetes Dec 21
- StatefulSet: Run and Scale Stateful Applications Easily in Kubernetes Dec 20
- Introducing Container Runtime Interface (CRI) in Kubernetes Dec 19
- Five Days of Kubernetes 1.5 Dec 19
- Kubernetes 1.5: Supporting Production Workloads Dec 13
- From Network Policies to Security Policies Dec 8
- Kompose: a tool to go from Docker-compose to Kubernetes Nov 22
- Kubernetes Containers Logging and Monitoring with Sematext Nov 18
- Visualize Kubelet Performance with Node Dashboard Nov 17
- CNCF Partners With The Linux Foundation To Launch New Kubernetes Certification, Training and Managed Service Provider Program Nov 8
- Modernizing the Skytap Cloud Micro-Service Architecture with Kubernetes Nov 7
- Bringing Kubernetes Support to Azure Container Service Nov 7
- Tail Kubernetes with Stern Oct 31
- Introducing Kubernetes Service Partners program and a redesigned Partners page Oct 31
- How We Architected and Run Kubernetes on OpenStack at Scale at Yahoo! JAPAN Oct 24
- Building Globally Distributed Services using Kubernetes Cluster Federation Oct 14
- Helm Charts: making it simple to package and deploy common applications on Kubernetes Oct 10
- Dynamic Provisioning and Storage Classes in Kubernetes Oct 7
- How we improved Kubernetes Dashboard UI in 1.4 for your production needs Oct 3
- How we made Kubernetes insanely easy to install Sep 28
- How Qbox Saved 50% per Month on AWS Bills Using Kubernetes and Supergiant Sep 27
- Kubernetes 1.4: Making it easy to run on Kubernetes anywhere Sep 26
- High performance network policies in Kubernetes clusters Sep 21
- Creating a PostgreSQL Cluster using Helm Sep 9
- Deploying to Multiple Kubernetes Clusters with kit Sep 6
- Cloud Native Application Interfaces Sep 1
- Security Best Practices for Kubernetes Deployment Aug 31
- Scaling Stateful Applications using Kubernetes Pet Sets and FlexVolumes with Datera Elastic Data Fabric Aug 29
- SIG Apps: build apps for and operate them in Kubernetes Aug 16
- Kubernetes Namespaces: use cases and insights Aug 16
- Create a Couchbase cluster using Kubernetes Aug 15
- Challenges of a Remotely Managed, On-Premises, Bare-Metal Kubernetes Cluster Aug 2
- Why OpenStack's embrace of Kubernetes is great for both communities Jul 26
- The Bet on Kubernetes, a Red Hat Perspective Jul 21
- Happy Birthday Kubernetes. Oh, the places you’ll go! Jul 21
- A Very Happy Birthday Kubernetes Jul 21
- Bringing End-to-End Kubernetes Testing to Azure (Part 2) Jul 18
- Steering an Automation Platform at Wercker with Kubernetes Jul 15
- Dashboard - Full Featured Web Interface for Kubernetes Jul 15
- Cross Cluster Services - Achieving Higher Availability for your Kubernetes Applications Jul 14
- Citrix + Kubernetes = A Home Run Jul 14
- Thousand Instances of Cassandra using Kubernetes Pet Set Jul 13
- Stateful Applications in Containers!? Kubernetes 1.3 Says “Yes!” Jul 13
- Kubernetes in Rancher: the further evolution Jul 12
- Autoscaling in Kubernetes Jul 12
- rktnetes brings rkt container engine to Kubernetes Jul 11
- Minikube: easily run Kubernetes locally Jul 11
- Five Days of Kubernetes 1.3 Jul 11
- Updates to Performance and Scalability in Kubernetes 1.3 -- 2,000 node 60,000 pod clusters Jul 7
- Kubernetes 1.3: Bridging Cloud Native and Enterprise Workloads Jul 6
- Container Design Patterns Jun 21
- The Illustrated Children's Guide to Kubernetes Jun 9
- Bringing End-to-End Kubernetes Testing to Azure (Part 1) Jun 6
- Hypernetes: Bringing Security and Multi-tenancy to Kubernetes May 24
- CoreOS Fest 2016: CoreOS and Kubernetes Community meet in Berlin (& San Francisco) May 3
- Introducing the Kubernetes OpenStack Special Interest Group Apr 22
- SIG-UI: the place for building awesome user interfaces for Kubernetes Apr 20
- SIG-ClusterOps: Promote operability and interoperability of Kubernetes clusters Apr 19
- SIG-Networking: Kubernetes Network Policy APIs Coming in 1.3 Apr 18
- How to deploy secure, auditable, and reproducible Kubernetes clusters on AWS Apr 15
- Container survey results - March 2016 Apr 8
- Adding Support for Kubernetes in Rancher Apr 8
- Configuration management with Containers Apr 4
- Using Deployment objects with Kubernetes 1.2 Apr 1
- Kubernetes 1.2 and simplifying advanced networking with Ingress Mar 31
- Using Spark and Zeppelin to process big data on Kubernetes 1.2 Mar 30
- Building highly available applications using Kubernetes new multi-zone clusters (a.k.a. 'Ubernetes Lite') Mar 29
- AppFormix: Helping Enterprises Operationalize Kubernetes Mar 29
- How container metadata changes your point of view Mar 28
- Five Days of Kubernetes 1.2 Mar 28
- 1000 nodes and beyond: updates to Kubernetes performance and scalability in 1.2 Mar 28
- Scaling neural network image classification using Kubernetes with TensorFlow Serving Mar 23
- Kubernetes 1.2: Even more performance upgrades, plus easier application deployment and management Mar 17
- Kubernetes in the Enterprise with Fujitsu’s Cloud Load Control Mar 11
- ElasticBox introduces ElasticKube to help manage Kubernetes within the enterprise Mar 11
- State of the Container World, February 2016 Mar 1
- Kubernetes Community Meeting Notes - 20160225 Mar 1
- KubeCon EU 2016: Kubernetes Community in London Feb 24
- Kubernetes Community Meeting Notes - 20160218 Feb 23
- Kubernetes Community Meeting Notes - 20160211 Feb 16
- ShareThis: Kubernetes In Production Feb 11
- Kubernetes Community Meeting Notes - 20160204 Feb 9
- Kubernetes Community Meeting Notes - 20160128 Feb 2
- State of the Container World, January 2016 Feb 1
- Kubernetes Community Meeting Notes - 20160121 Jan 28
- Kubernetes Community Meeting Notes - 20160114 Jan 28
- Why Kubernetes doesn’t use libnetwork Jan 14
- Simple leader election with Kubernetes and Docker Jan 11
- Creating a Raspberry Pi cluster running Kubernetes, the installation (Part 2) Dec 22
- Managing Kubernetes Pods, Services and Replication Controllers with Puppet Dec 17
- How Weave built a multi-deployment solution for Scope using Kubernetes Dec 12
- Creating a Raspberry Pi cluster running Kubernetes, the shopping list (Part 1) Nov 25
- Monitoring Kubernetes with Sysdig Nov 19
- One million requests per second: Dependable and dynamic distributed systems at scale Nov 11
- Kubernetes 1.1 Performance upgrades, improved tooling and a growing community Nov 9
- Kubernetes as Foundation for Cloud Native PaaS Nov 3
- Some things you didn’t know about kubectl Oct 28
- Kubernetes Performance Measurements and Roadmap Sep 10
- Using Kubernetes Namespaces to Manage Environments Aug 28
- Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - July 31 2015 Aug 4
- The Growing Kubernetes Ecosystem Jul 24
- Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - July 17 2015 Jul 23
- Strong, Simple SSL for Kubernetes Services Jul 14
- Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - July 10 2015 Jul 13
- Announcing the First Kubernetes Enterprise Training Course Jul 8
- Kubernetes 1.0 Launch Event at OSCON Jul 2
- How did the Quake demo from DockerCon Work? Jul 2
- The Distributed System ToolKit: Patterns for Composite Containers Jun 29
- Slides: Cluster Management with Kubernetes, talk given at the University of Edinburgh Jun 26
- Cluster Level Logging with Kubernetes Jun 11
- Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - May 22 2015 Jun 2
- Kubernetes on OpenStack May 19
- Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - May 15 2015 May 18
- Docker and Kubernetes and AppC May 18
- Kubernetes Release: 0.17.0 May 15
- Resource Usage Monitoring in Kubernetes May 12
- Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - May 1 2015 May 11
- Kubernetes Release: 0.16.0 May 11
- AppC Support for Kubernetes through RKT May 4
- Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - April 24 2015 Apr 30
- Borg: The Predecessor to Kubernetes Apr 23
- Kubernetes and the Mesosphere DCOS Apr 22
- Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - April 17 2015 Apr 17
- Kubernetes Release: 0.15.0 Apr 16
- Introducing Kubernetes API Version v1beta3 Apr 16
- Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - April 10 2015 Apr 11
- Faster than a speeding Latte Apr 6
- Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - April 3 2015 Apr 4
- Paricipate in a Kubernetes User Experience Study Mar 31
- Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - March 27 2015 Mar 28
- Kubernetes Gathering Videos Mar 23
- Welcome to the Kubernetes Blog! Mar 20